Definitions: Net, Gross, and Tare Weight
| Term | What It Includes |
|---|---|
| Net Weight (N.W.) | Product only - no packaging |
| Gross Weight (G.W.) | Product + all packaging (inner + outer) |
| Tare Weight | Packaging only (G.W. minus N.W.) |
Example:
- Product: 1.5 kg (net weight)
- Inner packaging: 0.1 kg
- Outer carton: 0.4 kg
- Gross weight: 2.0 kg
Why Weight Classification Matters
Freight quotes:
- Ocean freight charges by gross weight or volume (whichever is greater)
- Air freight always uses gross weight (or dimensional weight)
- Incorrect weights lead to surprise charges
Customs declarations:
- Duties often calculated on net weight (actual goods)
- Some products have weight-based duty rates
- Documentation must be consistent
Warehouse/storage:
- Loading capacity based on gross weight
- Container weight limits use gross weight
- Pallet planning needs gross weight
Common Weight Calculations
Gross weight per carton:
G.W. = Net Weight + Inner Packaging + Outer Carton
Total shipment weight:
Total G.W. = (G.W. per carton) × Number of cartons
Container payload limit:
| Container | Max Payload |
|---|---|
| 20' standard | ~21,000 kg |
| 40' standard | ~26,000 kg |
| 40' HC | ~26,000 kg |
Watch out: Payload limits vary by carrier and route. Always confirm with your freight forwarder.
Weight on Shipping Documents
Commercial invoice:
- Both net and gross weight
- Per unit and total
Packing list:
- Net weight per item
- Gross weight per carton
- Total gross weight
- Number of cartons
Bill of lading:
- Total gross weight
- Total number of packages
Pro tip: Always verify weights with your supplier before shipping. Discrepancies cause customs delays and freight adjustment charges.